THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF - LITHIUM NIOBATE CRYSTAL

In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko identified that the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is largely due to lack of oxygen in Nb2O5, utilised as a Uncooked product Original melt (Czochralski method) [186]. Appropriately, based on its creation know-how, niobium pentoxide can adopt a wide array of compositions Nb2O5−x. Hence, when ST LN o